Inside HAVEX

We have analyzed a sample of Havex and from there, we have prepared a report of behavior. Throughout the report you will find all the details of operation we have located from our analysis.

Special thanks to Manu Quintans and Andriy Brukhovetskyy. They helped us during certain phases of the analysis.

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1.- Changelog

Version date	Author	Modification
15/07/2014	Jose Palanco	Document creation
15/07/2014	Guillermo Campillo	Installer Analysis
18/07/2014	Carlos Antonini	Static Analysis
22/07/2014	Jose Palanco	Static & Dynamic Analysis
23/07/2014	Guillermo Campillo	Static & Dynamic Analysis
23/07/2014	Jose Palanco	Final Review

2.- General Information

The installation procedure is carried out by installing a modified version of the mbcheck software

• http://www.mbconnectline.com/index.php/en/

The original was replaced by the backdoored version and was a server for customers.

From mbconnectline site:

The MB Connect Line GmbH offers universal solutions for worldwide remote maintenance of machinery and equipment. Werner Belle and Siegfried Müller founded the company in 1997. The Headquarters, including sales, is located in Ilsfeld. Technical development and production occur in Dinkelsbuehl.

The specialists at MB Connect Line have years of experience and extensive know-how. Customized solutions for customer-specific tasks are a strength of MB Connect Line. For example, the implementation of proprietary protocols, and integration of special hardware (i.e.Cisco ASA) are some of the tasks we have solved in the past. Packaging machines, production lines, solar power plants, or Biogas plants – MB Connect Line has developed remote maintenance solutions to fit many application areas.

3.- General Information

The following report analyzes the behavior of a sample of Havex, specifically the 043 version. The mbcheck installer, uncompress a dll file, save it at %TEMP%\mbcheck.dll and execute it silently.

To summarize, the sample performs the following actions:

1. Is self-installed persistently in the system
2. Scans computers on the same network
3. Detects if any of the computers have installed a OPC server
4. Scans the OPC services available and gets their names tags
5. Encrypts the information obtained
6. Sends the information to the control servers

4.- Statistic analysis

4.1 File Info

Name
mbCHECK.dll

Original name
7CFC9E59D3A.dll

Imports

• kernel32.dll
• user32.dll
• advapi32.dll
• shell32.dll
• ole32.dll
• wininet.dll
• crypt32.dll

imphash
a85560a14f8135bb751c39cfa37081ae

MD5
51502d7d6d188ad87213ca5942f232cf

SHA1
317fd58d53aa3fe0fec209702a879aefb77c148c

SHA256
d5687b5c5cec11c851e84a1d40af3ef52607575487a70224f63458c24481076c

ssdeep
12288:x+Y5rLl9CywddByZqwgaatNgdaLEhjKdT: AY5rLl9Cyw/ByEwTatNgdYEhjKdT

File size
427.0 KB ( 437248 bytes )

File type
Win32 DLL

Magic literal
PE32 executable for MS Windows (DLL) (console) Intel 80386 32-bit

TrID
InstallShield setup (48.1%)

• Win32 Executable MS Visual C++ (generic) (34.9%)
• Win32 Dynamic Link Library (generic) (7.3%)
• Win32 Executable (generic) (5.0%)
• Generic Win/DOS Executable (2.2%)

Target machine
Intel 386 or later processors and compatible processors

Compilation timestamp
2014-04-11 05:37:36

Link date
6:37 AM 4/11/2014

Entry Point
0x00024A7D

4.2 PE Sections

Name	Virtual Address	Virtual Size	Raw Size	Entropy	MD5
.text	4096	323011	323072	6.70	ced183458a2afdd2b540df062885dfc4
.rdata	323011	62607	62976	4.76	9a30e2cc0b8b39737b645163349100a7
.data	393216	31356	23040	5.13	19e085a7a23b4f281b2879d13a0ee5bf
.rsrc	425984	1208	1536	6.77	25d94bb318bf564a26b8e3db16d0ec4b
.reloc	430080	25274	25600	5.24	9b44df053516303f2012e1c9768af11a

4.3 Resoures

• Name MANIFEST
• File name MANIFEST
• File type Text

• Md5 24D3B502E1846356B0263F945DDD5529

• Name ICT
• File name ICT.bz2
• File type bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k
• Md5 e99d7d4bfc9eeb316ac7a5e4a29b7035

4.3.1 ICT – uncompressed

When uncompressing the resource, we get an encrypted file. The details to decipher it are available in Annex “Sample Configuration”.

• Name ICT.dump
• File type data
• Md5 e7e25cceb1a85945f484ab0d2ff61bf8

4.4 Exports

The library exports only one function: RunDLLEntry

4.5 VirusTotal

Detection ratio: 31/53

AV Company	Malware Signature
AVG	Generic36.PAN
Ad-Aware	Trojan.Generic.11277511
AntiVir	TR/Bublik.clgx.1
Antiy-AVL	Trojan/Win32.Bublik
Baidu-International	Trojan.Win32.Bublik.apZR
BitDefender	Trojan.Generic.11277511
Comodo	UnclassifiedMalware
DrWeb	Trojan.Inject1.42303
ESET-NOD32	Win32/Gertref.E
Emsisoft	Trojan.Generic.11277511
F-Secure	Backdoor:W32/Havex.A
Fortinet	W32/Bublik.CLGX!tr
GData	Trojan.Generic.11277511
Ikarus	Trojan.Bublik
K7AntiVirus	Riskware
K7GW	Trojan
Kaspersky	Trojan.Win32.Bublik.clgx
McAfee	RDN/Generic.bfr!gf
McAfee-GW-Edition	RDN/Generic.bfr!gf
MicroWorld-eScan	Trojan.Generic.11277511
Microsoft	Trojan:Win32/Malagent!gmb
Norman	Troj_Generic.UCKCK
Panda	Trj/OCJ.E
Qihoo-360	Win32/Trojan.880
Sophos	Mal/Generic-S
Symantec	WS.Reputation.1
TrendMicro	TROJ_GEN.R0CBC0DEF14
TrendMicro-HouseCall	TROJ_GEN.R0CBC0DEF14
VBA32	Trojan.Bublik
VIPRE	Trojan.Win32.Generic!BT
nProtect	Trojan.Generic.11277511

4.6 Functions

Function svcprocess043.dll!W_CreateFileqln_dbx

This function is responsible for writing the qln.dbx file in the %TEMP% directory; it is also responsible for sending the full path.

Function svcprocess043.dll!W_ConnectoCnC

This function is divided into three parts:

1. Prepares the raw data and checks the internet connection.
2. Obtains parameters.
3. Saves and closes the connections.

1. Checks and prepares the connection for the API: InternetConnectW

1. Prepares the parameters to send to the URL, later using the API HttpOpenRequest to send requests to the C&C

As we can see, this makes a request to a C&C and we capture the TCP stream with Wireshark

1. If the server sends a command to download any file, in this part, it gets the file from the server and stores it using the API InternetReadFile. Then it closes connections by using the API.

Complete graph

Function svcprocess043.dll!W_CreateFileXmd

Creates an encrypted file with xmb extension. The files are downloaded from C&C.

Complete graph:

Function svcprocess043.dll!W_CoInterface

Initializes the COM library using the calling thread, and makes a new thread. This function returns a CLSID to be used for communicating with the OPC protocol to the PLC devices.

CLSID	Name
9DD0B56C-AD9E-43EE-8305-487F3188BF7A	IID_IOPCServerList2
13486D51-4821-11D2-A494-3CB306C10000	CLSID_OPCServerList

Complete graph:

Function svcprocess043.dll!W_RegisterClassExW

This function creates a new class and assigns the method. The class name is “button,” and points to the svcprocess043.dll! W_CreateMainWind address.

It creates a new class under the name “21f34” with the following structure:

typedef struct tagWNDCLASSEX {
UINT      cbSize;
UINT      style;
WNDPROC   lpfnWndProc;
int       cbClsExtra;
int       cbWndExtra;
HINSTANCE hInstance;
HICON     hIcon;
HCURSOR   hCursor;
HBRUSH    hbrBackground;
LPCTSTR   lpszMenuName;
LPCTSTR   lpszClassName;
HICON     hIconSm;
} WNDCLASSEX, *PWNDCLASSEX;

In this structure, the most important is the class name and the procedure to run.

The method of this class is:

After creating and registering the new class will launch a hidden window with this class.

Function svcprocess043.dll!W_injectDll

This function loads the previously downloaded dll and runs it.

Step 1

Using the svcprocess043.dll!W_GetLibraryW function, it loads the downloaded dll through LoadLibraryW

Step 2

After loading the dll in memory, it calls to the rundll method

Complete graph:

5.- Dynamic Analysis

5.1 Enviroment

To run the sample, we need a PLC exporting via OPC the tag states. During the analysis we used the Matrikon OPC server.

And the browser to verify that the server was running fine.

5.2 Persistence

To start the execution, the sample exports the function RunDLLEntry. The sample installs itself in the system at %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\svcprocess043.dll

Starting from Windows 7, the sample is copied to %ALLUSERSPROFILE%\svcprocess043.dll

The malware uses the registry to be persistent.

Value:

During the execution of this piece of malware, it creates new threads, calling itself during the execution and injecting itself into defined processes, according to the configuration. This sample is injected into Explorer.exe. Later we will see how the sample configuration allows select the process in which will be injected.

The process modifies the registry by creating new keys.

5.3 Installation flowchart

5.4 Behavior

During execution, the sample creates several files *.XMD,.* DAT, *.DLLs, that are deleted after being used.

The generated DLLs also contain resources that can be deciphered using the technique of Annex “Configuration Extractor”.

The sample gets lot of system information, OPC services information, Remote Access credentials, then encrypts and sends the information to the reporting server.

5.5 Changes to filesystem

[a-fA-F0-9].tmp	empty
[a-fA-F0-9].dat	scanner log
[a-fA-F0-9].tmp.xmd	crypted file download from C&C
[a-fA-F0-9].tmp.yls	crypted report
[a-fA-F0-9].tmp.dll

Example:

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\10.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\10.tmp.yls

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\7.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\7.tmp.xmd

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\8.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\8.tmp.dll

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\9.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\9.tmp.yls

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\A.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\A.tmp.xmd

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\B.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\B.tmp.dll

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\C.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\C.tmp.xmd

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\D.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\D.tmp.dll

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\E.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\E.tmp.dat

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\F.tmp

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\F.tmp.yls

C:\\Documents and Settings\\sandbox\\Configuración local\\Temp\\qln.dbx

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5.5.1 File *.dat:

The DAT file contains a log on the analysis of OPC services.

DAT file before being deleted:

Program was started at 23:43:45

**************************************************************************

23:43:56.0593: Start finging of LAN hosts…

23:44:11.0906: Was found 1 hosts in LAN:

   01) [\\FALETE]

**************************************************************************

23:44:22.0046: Start finging of OPC Servers…

23:46:13.0375: Was found 1 OPC Servers.

   1) [\\FALETE\Matrikon.OPC.Universal.1]

   CLSID:            {D7CA0556-C317-4512-8B8C-7543DD7F1626}

   UserType:         MatrikonOPC Universal Connectivity Server

   VerIndProgID:     Matrikon.OPC.Universal

   OPC version support: +++

**************************************************************************

23:46:20.0484: Start finging of OPC Tags…

23:46:20.0546: Thread 01 running…

23:46:22.0140: Thread 01 finished.

   1)[\\FALETE\Matrikon Inc +1-780-945-4011 http://www.matrikonopc.com]

   Saved in ‘OPCServer01.txt’

5.5.2 Files *.dll:

Dll	info
225.tmp.dll	PE32 executable (DLL) (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows
225.tmp.dll	MD5 7cff1403546eba915f1d7c023f12a0df
Resource	e5bad153e3c3ee1b735f1926ba573

Dll	info
228.tmp.dll	PE32 executable (DLL) (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows
228.tmp.dll MD5	840417d79736471c2f331550be993d79
Resource	900adffc5180c10d463530e3753a3

Dll	info
228.tmp.dll	PE32 executable (DLL) (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows
22A.tmp.dll	PE32 executable (DLL) (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows
22A.tmp.dll MD5	ba8da708b8784afd36c44bb5f1f436bc
Resource	f84dd5aca779592badc5f55ac6c63

NOTE: This file is downloaded from the server.

This dll exports a function under the name “rundll” which initiates a scan of OPC services on the computer by using threads. This scan generates a log file, where all the information concerning the OPC services is stored. This is performed through the API call WNetEnumResourceW. The files are stored in the temp folder with .dat extension.

As seen in the picture, when the scanning process is started, the function opens the file in write mode to add the results. Each of the hosts found by WNetEnumResourceW function is then scanned to locate the OPC servers.

The result is a dat file with a report of the scanning process; this file is in plain text and can be read easily.

Program was started at 13:04:57

**************************************************************************

13:08:11.0468: Start finging of LAN hosts…

13:11:52.0156: Was found 1 hosts in LAN:

   01) [\\FALETE]

**************************************************************************

13:12:01.0484: Start finging of OPC Servers…

13:12:29.0796: Was found 1 OPC Servers.

   1) [\\FALETE\Matrikon.OPC.Universal.1]

   CLSID:            {D7CA0556-C317-4512-8B8C-7543DD7F1626}

   UserType:         MatrikonOPC Universal Connectivity Server

   VerIndProgID:     Matrikon.OPC.Universal

   OPC version support: +++

**************************************************************************

13:16:19.0546: Start finging of OPC Tags…

13:16:51.0734: Thread 01 running…

13:16:59.0109: Thread 01 finished.

13:17:07.0531: Thread 01 return error code: 0x00000103

   1)[\\FALETE\Matrikon Inc +1-780-945-4011 http://www.matrikonopc.com]

   Saved in ‘OPCServer01.txt’ After completing the scan, it reads the file and stores it in memory before deleting it, then it encrypts the content and saves it as a file with `yls` extension.

This dll does not seem to upload the file you just generated.

228.dll analysis

This dll shows a full system report in xml format (Annex), then saves encrypted yls extension.

The first thing done is creating the xml header:

The sample adds a node “receipt” which is the root node where all information is stored:

It checks whether the user is an administrator - in that case write adm. Walking several functions to get the information of the machine, both the processes and data are the same as the hardware and internet connections.

Finally, it creates a file with yls extension containing the xml encrypted data

5.5.3 File *.xmd:

This file is XORed with 1312312, compressed with bzip2 and base64 encoded. At Annex “Scripts”, you can find the script used to decrypt it.

Process for extracting the XMD:

$ file 227.tmp.xmd

227.tmp.xmd: ASCII text, with very long lines, with no line terminators

$ base64 -d 227.tmp.xmd > 227.tmp.bz2

$file 227.tmp.bz2

227.tmp.bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

$ bzip2 -d 227.tmp.bz2

bzip2: Can’t guess original name for 227.tmp.bz2 -- using 227.tmp.bz2.out

$ python decodeResource.py 227.tmp.bz2.out

Good Job Mama!

$ strings -e l 227.tmp.bz2.out.decode

jjjjj

$ file 227.tmp.bz2.out.decode

227.tmp.bz2.out.decode: x86 executable (TV) not stripped

5.6 Changes to registry

Created:

Key	Value
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\software\microsoft\Internet Explorer\InternetRegistry fertger	49321511259132175120161FD80-c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab”
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\software\microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\BitBucket NukeOnDelete	00000001
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\software\microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run svcprocess rundll32	“C:\WINDOWS\system32\svcprocess043.dll”, RunDllEntry Update
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\Connections SavedLegacySetting	3C00000022000000010000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000105CAB43C5A4CF0101000000C0A8018E0000000000000000
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run svcprocess rundll32	“C:\WINDOWS\system32\svcprocess043.dll”
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\software\SandboxAutoExec (Default)	31

5.7 Network services

The sample verifies that there is an internet connection before executing certain functions.

5.7.1 DNS Requests

Domain	Type	IP
sinfulcelebs.freesexycomics.com	A	198.63.208.206
rapidecharge.gigfa.com	A	185.27.134.100

5.7.2 HTTP Requests

PORT	Hostname	Path
80	sinfulcelebs.freesexycomics.com	/wp05/wp-admin/includes/tmp/tmp.php id=49321511259132175120161FD80c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab&v1=043&v2=170393861&q=45474b a5c3a10c8e94e56543c2bd
80	rapidecharge.gigfa.com	/blogs/wp-content/plugins/buddypress/bp-settings/bp-settings-src.php?id=49321511259132175120161FD80 c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab&v1=043&v2=170393861&q=45474bca5c3a10c8e94e56543c2bd

5.8 Process information

5.8.1 Evasion

• Checks for debuggers.

• Deletes activity traces.

5.8.2 Information collected

• Gets user name information.

• Gets computer name.

• Checks if user is admin.

• Uses a pipe for inter-process communication.

• Enumerates running processes.

If it detects Remote Access connections then opens a service named “TAPISRV” to force the user to enter credentials.

5.8.3 Mutexes

• CTF.LBES.MutexDefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003
• CTF.Compart.MutexDefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003
• CTF.Asm.MutexDefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003
• CTF.Layouts.MutexDefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003
• CTF.TMD.MutexDefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003
• CTF.TimListCache.FMPDefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003MUTEX.DefaultS-1-5-21-789336058-436374069-1343024091-1003
• !MSFTHISTORY!
• c:!documents and settings!sandbox!configuración local!archivos
• temporales de internet!content.ie5!
• c:!documents and settings!sandbox!cookies!
• c:!documents and settings!sandbox!configuración
• local!historial!history.ie5!
• ZonesCounterMutex
• MSCTF.Shared.MUTEX.AJI (RAS related)

6.- Conclusions

We face a threat that, in this case was intended to be installed in industrial environments. It was observed that there have been different versions, which have been refined over time. At this point it can be considered that it has matured enough to carry out the theft of sensitive information from industry organizations.

7.- Annex

7.1 Sample configuration

Inside the main dll, we can find the Havex configuration in the resources section. By using the PeStudio tool, we get the resource doing a dump of that section.

The result is bzip2 file which contains encrypted data.

After decompression, we can decrypt the file using the decryptResource.py script (Annex). This script creates a new file named % file% .decode

~/virus/Havex$ python decodeResuocer.py setting

Then using the strings command we can see the configuration:

~/virus/Havex$ strings -e l setting.decode

7.2 Results

---

MTMxMjMxMg==
base64(1312312)

Havex
name

14400000
unknown

Explorer.EXE
Process in which is injected

sinfulcelebs.freesexycomics.com/wp05/wp-admin/includes/tmp/tmp.php rapidecharge.gigfa.com/blogs/wp-content/plugins/buddypress/bp-settings/bp-settings-src.php C&C URLs

AATXn+MiwLu+xCoMG7SqY1uQxAk1qLdyoED9LxIVQr2Z/gsrHIsgTvK9AusdFo+9fzAxf1zXj42880+kUmktmVb5HSYi8 27Q54eQ4ZLUFKPKZstgHcwPVHGdwpmmRmk09fL3KGd9SqR60Mv7QtJ4VwGDqrzOja+Ml4SI7e60C4qDQAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAB Public key

c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab
unknown

45474bca5c3a10c8e94e56543c2bd
unknown

600000
unknown

2000
unknown

323000
unknown

svcprocess
Installation filename (svcprocess+043.dll)

7.3 C&C Servers

Name	Address	Host Name	IP	Country
freesexycomics.com	198.63.208.206	x-screensaver.com	198.63.208.206	United States
gigfa.com	209.51.192.246	f6.c0.33.static.xlhost.com	209.51.192.246	United States

7.4 Panel Analysis

The panel is located at:

hxxp://sinfulcelebs.freesexycomics.com/wp05/wp-admin/includes/tmp/

We can see the reported files:

• 13277210503045816459002FFD18-c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab.ans
• 3818240600384801751700ACF830-c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab.ans
• 2152223526142981681400EEFD80-c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab.ans
• 425788980415205193170035FD58-c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab.ans
• 3332619927293187450087FA50-c8a7af419640516616c342b13efab.ans

We also found a password protected shell:

• hxxp://sinfulcelebs.freesexycomics.com/wp05/wp-admin/includes/tmp/tfdl.php

The other panel is located at:

• hxxp://rapidecharge.gigfa.com/blogs/wp-content/plugins/buddypress/bp-settings/

This are some of the the reports:

Havex uses 2 PHP files: one of them is the admin console, the other is the report collector.

7.4.1 C&C Panel

This panel verifies the user & password, and also adds the password in session.

The password is hashed with md5.

Analysis of C&C commands:

vx command

new command

Generates a new file containing the logs

hash command

This command receives the filename y return the md5.

download command

This command is used to download files.

delete command

This command is used to delete files.

newans command

list command

This command lists a directory.

8.- Scripts

8.1 Configuration extractor

decryptResource.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

#=============================================================================
#
# File Name         : decryptResource.py
# Author            : Guillermo Campillo Perez <guillermo.campillo@drainware.com>
# Creation Date     : Jul 2014
#
#=============================================================================
#
# PRODUCT         : Havex Resource Decrypter
# DEPENDANCE SYS. : sys, base64,Crypto
#
# —————————————————————————
# This document is the property of Drainware: any 
# part of it can be reproduced or transmitted.
#
# 2014, Drainware, Inc.
# —————————————————————————
#
#=============================================================================

import os
import sys
import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import XOR

def _read(file_name):
   try:
    file_ = open(file_name, 'rb')
    buffer_ = file_.read()
    ss = XOR.XORCipher('1312312')
    y = ''
    for j in buffer_:
        y+=ss.decrypt(j)
    file_restul = open(file_name+'.decode','wb')
    file_restul.write(y)
    print 'Good Job Mama!'
    raw_input()
   except Exception as e:
    print '![x]Error:',e

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
   print '![-]Usage: '+sys.argv[0]+' '
else:
   _read(sys.argv[1])